Reciprocating engine



` www W. T. HANNA RECIPROCATING ENGINE FiledAug. 6. i921 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 une m, w24. www@ W. T. HANNA RECPRO'CATING ENGINE u Filed Aug. e, 1921 4 shees-shee'z s June l@ 1924. v w. T. HANNA REC IPROCATING ENGINE Filed Aug. 6, 1921 4 S1'1eetS--Shee%4 4.

. Patented dime Lem rAr'r-m'rjorrlcr.

winnaar T; nanna. or CINCINNATI, omo.

v nnorrnocarme ENGINE;

'application mea August 6;*1921. `serial nq. 490,329. Y'

To all whom t may concern.; I

Be it known that I. WILLIAM T. HANirA, a citizen. of the United States of Amerlca,

and a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio,4 have invented a new and useful mprovement in a Reciprocating Engine, of which the olf lowing is a specification.

My invention relates to engines of the reciprocating type. V I j An object of my invention is `to provide a simple and efficient' means to change the` flow of steam into the cylinder on oppositesides of the piston upon the arrival of the piston at the opposite ends 'of its stroke'.

Another object of my invention is to provide an engine of the type referred to Wherein the stroke may be reversed intermediate the ends thereof.

Another object of my invention is to provide a device of the type referred to 'for the purposes stated that is simple in construction and operation. v

These-and other objects are attained by the accompanying drawings, in Which- Fig. l Yisa side elevation of an engine embracing my invention. 2 is a sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig. 3 is a. sectional view on line 3-3 of 4 isa sectional view on line 4 4 of 5 is a sectional view on line v5-5 of the double headed arrow in Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the sleevev shown in Fig. T. v i5 Fig. 9 is a View showing the reversing valve ina position opposite to that shown in Fig. 5. y

My invention comprises a reciprocating "engine having the piston control valve D adapted to reverse the stroke of the piston upon the completion of the piston stroke, and an auxiliary reverse valve B adapted to reverse the stroke of the piston intermediate the ends of the piston stroke.

The engine A comprises a cylinder a havvdary valve 'tion vof thepiston.

thenneans described herein and'disclosed 1n ing at its opposite ends the cylinderr heads a 'and a2 whereby a cylinder chamber a is formed.' The cylinder a has formed upon it a'valve housing 015 wthinwhich is'disposed the auxiliary reverse valve or secon- B. The housing a5 has formed within 'it a cylindrical chamber a extending transversely of the line of reciproca- A duct 'a7 communicates with theV chamber o and with the chamber v o* adjacent the cylinder head a2. A second ducto8` communicates with the chamber a and the chamber a4" adjacent the opposite cylindei' head a. The ends of the chamber a* are sli htly enlarged as a result of the tapering ores as; and the ducts a7 and as communicate with these enlarged portions of the cylinderl chamber vby means of aseries of small 'auxiliary ducts al". The duct a communicates. with the chamber as by way of an annular groove ou formed in the hous ing ai andthe duct a? communicates with the chambena," by way of an annular" groove' au `formed in 'the housing a5.' An annular groove al3 is formed in the casing a, inte'r- 80 mediate the annular grooves a and an, and

communicates with a duct a formed in thev cylinder wall and with a duct 136 .extending through the cylinder head a2. A fourth annular groove o is formed within' the 85 housing a and is spaced from thegroove al? by the groovev an and communicates with a duct a16 formedwithin the cylinder wall and with a duct d" extending through the cylinder head a2. A plate a is mountedcn one end of the housing a and forms a closure forsaid one end of the chamber a". The platev a" has an axial bore al adapted 'to permit reciprocation therethrough of a rod. the purpose of which will be explained hereafter. The opposite end of the housing as has a screw'threaded bore al in alignment with the bore in the plate o and Withthe axis of the chamber a;

A cap a2 engages in the threaded bore a" 100 and forms a closure for the end of the chamber. "A suitable drain cock a may be mounted upon the housing @5 to Vpermit draining of the products of'condensaton/ An angle plate am is mounted, upon the cylinder a and has pivotally mounted upon it a lever b. The plate @22 has formed upon it suitable notches a2 wherein the lower end of the spring actuated lock rod b mounted on the lever, may engage in Order v.retain vthe lever ini'anfadjusted position l ma manner thatis common and well known in the art.A

v The auxiliaryor secondary' valve mecha- 5 msm B comprises a valve'member b2 slid- I an axial boreb3` l0 spider 4 1s formed at each end of the valve 'ciprocatingxro'd b5 extending 'through the side of theA groove b5 sleeve 67 Comunication between the annular'grooves 25 .and the chamber a6.. The opposite ends ofv 30. groove be member and provides means whereb the v'valve member maybe mounted upon t e reaxial borefa"8 in the plate a, The cylinder 15 `has'v formedin vlit a circumferential groove.

"b", The portions-of the ycylinder on; either provi/de bearing` surfaceswhich-'ride uponv the inner wall of the slots bs, registering-with the annular-grooves an., al", 'a1-3 andan.. From theforegomg 1t 1s apparent that the slots in the sleeve provide communicate with one anotherv thru the valve member Z22- by way of the axial bore b3 arms of the spiders. The circumferential in the valve member 'b2 is'of such length that "communication may be established therethrough between any two adjacent annul-argrooves in the housinga. The

35 ally mounted vupon aligning reciprocating-=rod bya oulder b9 is' formed thereuponvv and .against which shoulder the valvemember isf4 Ateriorly to the chamber d", the shoulders d mounted. upon. the vthreaded'end ofthe rodfthe" circumferential) groove with the annular vgrooves.o land a. or for any purpose that'ma make .s uch .acces's desirable or necessary. 1rom parentthat thevalve for 4rod b in andra, that when al? and a15 communicate; the grooves a11 andv a communicate, vand .that when a. and. ala

communicatethe grooves a and @1 6 communicate, 'depending` upon. the position offt-he valve member b2 f The cylinder head @thas-.formed in it a bore a extendin in axial alif'hment'withg D mounted in the chamber a. v The" '20 sleeve 67C has formed within ita series 'of shoulderfl an withthe vaxisof and the spaces'between the cylinder head has its one elfd pivotthe lower. end of the. lever bs. The other end of the reciprocating rod'lis vreferably-ofreduced diameter- Where'4 51 .sures inv the. bore d extending on op osite s id'es `of .the reduced the foregoing it'is'ap h member' i192 mayv boemployed to establish communication betweenf the annulargrooves-a1.2 and u, or between the annular grooveso" has formed at its end a head '1" hereafter.

through'. the valve head a2 .it a sleeve 0799. fand 8. The sleeve has formed in its outer 130 i a bearing for the reciprocating rod sleeve, has a reduced end-which' projects through the reduced portion of the borel w21; i 'This sleeve hasv an annular bore d2,- the di ameterof which is reducedat theA smaller A shoulder dtformed the junction ofthe en portions of the. sleeve a22extending into the. roove d* is 'formed in ther communicates with the duct. a A sereinT cap d5 is mounted-onthe cylinder head andforms a closure for the' end of the enlarged portions ofthe b'ore a2? and 4for the chamber d formed' withinv the sleeve d. The cap d5 has a bore d? in alignment the cylinder. adapted to be reciprocated inthe bore (Zh A circumferential groove d? is formed at the- Junction. of-thesleeve d, the cap d? and the a2. This circumferential groove communicateswith the groove d* by means ofa duct d extending longitudinally. through the sleeve' and also communicates with the bore d' b way of. the duct all? formed in the cap From the foregoing 1t is vapparent there will be` uniform upon the sleeve at larged andjreduced abuts the'shou'lder bore an. A

presand the'cylinder-cham'- ber a. The rodlhasfo'rmed'upon it, inand d, between .which shoulders is formed a reduced portion (lf2 A sliding valve d, having vbranches d and d1", is disposed Within the chamber aand` has its branches of t portion d e rod. fTheends of lthe..

valve d1" vabut'the shoulders d and dup wherefore, when the rod d the sliding valve',is likewise .reciprocated The valvehas a' notch d1.- formed .in its lower surface', the purpose of which will be explained hereafter. A portion of the rod d extends into the cylinder chamber i and or button d, the purpose of which will be explained Suitable pins '0349, .extendin v and the sleeve may extend 'between the branches d and d of the slide valve M and serve to vpreis reci procated,

'vent lateral movement of the slide valve and 125 the lsleeve The 'primary valve D is disposed in the bore azf. The'bore a has mounted within This sleeve is shown in Figs.

nof-

"Wall a slot d which communicates at one end with the axial bore d extendingi sleeve d at one end and with a second duct,V

through they sleeve, and at its other end with a 'duct d formed in the c linder head a and communicating with t e chamber Z.

'A second groove, (lf2-is formed in the sleeve d and communicates with the bore in the The duct d d in the cylinder head a2.

communicates with the chamber d.

other groove d formed in the sleeve d1 communicates with the chamber d by way of a duct d formed .in the cylinder head a2.

^ The vducts d, d and dztextend through the w sleevedand are disposed in such relation to ber d therein. The chamber d communia2 and the sleeve d1.

cates with the chamber d formed within the sleeve d by way of the duct 29 extendin g through the `sleeve d, the cylinder head An intake' port d3 formed within the sleeve d communicates with a suitable source ofenergy by means of the bore di formed in the cylinder head a2 and which may communicate by means of a suitable pipe d, With a boiler, not shown.

- The exhaustL port d ycommunicates .with a suitable exhaust, such as the pipe das. Upon lopposite sides of the exhaust port el are formed intake ports d and d respectively, which communicates with the bore in the sleeved. The port d3* communicates with the duct da' formed in the cylinder head az and which duct communicates with the duct al formed in the cylinder Wall a. The port d communicates by means of a duct d3 with the duct a forme/d in the cylinder wall a. The bore d formed within the sleeve d1? is reduced in part. Within the reduced part ofthe chamber d, formed by the bore, 1s mounted a sliding valve d constructed substantially like the sliding valve d. This valve has a cavity d whereby the exhaust port d may be placed in communication with either of the ports d3* lor d. The valve .das is held in position by means of a reciprocating rod 014. The branches d and d of the valve d extend over opposite sides of the rod d. piston el is mounted upon the rod (14 and is disposed Within the enlarged portion of the chamber d. The enlarged portionlof the chamber is of suflicieut length that the movement of the piston d from one end to the other thereof will provide suicient movement of the valve da so vton and has a slot c2 therein.

4'as to cause one or the other ofthe ports ci or d35 to communicate with the exhaust port d. A plate d is mounted upon the cylinder head a2 and forms a closure for the enlarged end of the chamber (-28. The groove d20 in the sleeve d communicates with the `space that is left between the plate d" and the piston d when lthe piston is movedto the position as shown in Fig. 6. In order to assure the ready admission of steam between the piston d and theplate d, it is preferable to enlarge the mouth of the enlarged portion of the bore in the same manner as are the ends of the chamber a4 enlarged, as shown at a9 in Fig. 2. A plate alti"y forms a closure for the other end of the chamber al and has formed within ita bore d in axial alignment with the rod di". A piston d is mounted upon the rod d and is adapted to be reciprocated Within the bore d formed in the plate d, the-diameter of the bore d being substantially smaller than the diameter of the enlargedportion of the chamber d. The surface of the I piston d being smaller than d, therefore when steam acts upon them there is an inequality of pressure which will serve to reciprocate the rod d in a manner which will be explained more fully hereafter.

The piston C is adapted to be reciprocated` Within` the chamber a4 and is mounted upon the piston rod c extending through the cylinder head a. The piston rod is preferably a tube shaft into which the rod d may extend. A plate c is mounted upon the pis- The slot is so disposedv in relation to the bore 'c3 in the tube shaft that part of the plate extends partly over. the bore c3. The tube shaft c has a notch c4 formed therein opposite to the portion of the plate extending over the bore c3. the notch c4 being substantially cofextensivewith the upper end of the slot c2 in the plate c. The purpose of this construction is to permit the readyinsertion and removal of the button d on the rod d into and from the bore c3 in the tube shaft. of the plate c' extending over the bore c3 is adapted to engage the button on the movement of the piston away fromthe mechanism D, whereby the rod d may be longitudinally actuated. `When the piston moves toward the mechanism D, the plate ci abuts the shoulder d formed on the rod ci arid serves to actuate the rod d. longitudinally.

The operation of my device is as follows:

We will assume that the parts are in the relation shown in the drawings. The piston ,C has just moved to its farthest limit from the mechanism D and the rod d has been 'longitudinally actuated so as to cause the sliding valve d to seal the duct 22 and to place ducts d2* -and d2 in communication.' The chamber d is filled with steam entering thereinto by way of the duct d. As a re- The portion y 'i Sun .of unev dans ze and ze? having been placed in commiinication5'tl1e piston d has. 'been moved to the position vshown in Fig.' (Sv vby the steam Within the 'chamberdzs acting i 5,

vupon the unequalI exposed .faces ofthe opposed Pistons 4l-and d, and the space intermediatepiston' X41-andplate'cltz' -is in communication with the exhaust via des, d,

2 6 and d25,\(see Fig. 7)". `Some ofthe steam Wlthln the chamber 0128 will thenpassinto.

chamber a by way of .the port ai?, andtheducts 37 and al and annular groove n. The

' `sleeve',` vand from thence passes into'thegA I the piston()I immediately adjacent the cylinsteam enters that'portion of the chamber a contained between the Walls-of the oircumi'erJ--.

ential groove bs in valve member b2, and the .duct as, and-Will then act upon .that -faceof der head a', wherefo'rethe piston()v will be' moved tovvard the mechanism D.. Whenthe plate abuts the shoulder ld". on .therod d., the sliding valve al is actuated so as toA seal the duct` d24-a'nd`lto openl thefduot d.

Therefore the lsteam?con-tained 'Within fthe chamber d Willpass thru the duct d and slot' '032 intol the space betweenl the piston d andthe plate d. -The steampressures on the opposite faces of the .piston d being then neutralized, the steam yWithin the cham;

the rod d@ vongitndinally as the space di" ber al 'actin "uponthe piston d will move is in communication with the` atmosphere through a'smallventdwf. The sliding valve d svvill close ofi the flow of Steam throughl the 'port da'and place the port dsinto com-y `m'unication with, the -egchaustl (i727. At 'the same time the port da? is placed into communication with the o haniberd28V and the Y. steain vvithinthe chamberd2s will then ass through, the port'dsv", the ducts da. an a enters' into the chamber a6 by Way of..

We will now assume that the piston C is .stopped vmidway of oneof .its strokes and that it isl desired to reverse thev movement of the' piston within the chamber a4. "We will assume that the piston was' moving away from the mechanism D', therefore steam Was being admitted Ato thochamoer Lby 'Way' oi so as to move the valve member h2 to such aposition that'the roove bf formed in the valve member b2 p aces the annular grooves am anda15 in registration, wherefore the ani nular grooves a and a will be in commu# lisation by Way of the bore'formed through the stroke. of the piston: As-

the valve member b." .\-Ve` will ynow assume v that steam is again Aturned on.. The path of the steam which formerly was by wayjof'annular grooves'vafla andf'anf is n owtchanged'so that ther steam enteringby .Way of v'annular 70:

.groovea13 is vnow direotedintothe annular groove`- al? andtherefore passes by-'ivay of I Vthe duet as to that. portion' -o the 'cylinder chamber a* between the pistoial vvC" andthe cylinder'heada,'Wherefore thepiston'C is 75 'moved toward 'the mechanism Dri-.When the f piston @has reached the endQoi-its'A stroke. 1

toward thef mechanism .D, -the. .movement of thep'iston isstopped by theinability 'ofthel piston` to vmovej .fu1'ther. The vchange of *8'0" stroke is of especial/value in enginesused y on locomotive stokers and. "similar deifzices, wherein foreign objects'may lodge between' l the conveyer parts andjthe lparts` of `the stolzer placed under greattorsion'alstrain ,as 85 a result of such jamming. The reversing'zof 'j the piston as disclosed is snicient' to'reliev o .rj. f thetorque of the.' Various elements 4acted uponby the engine. 'Y What I olaimis: f -fi 1. The 'combination'with arecipro'eatinf engine having duotsleading tofthefopposite. ends of-the cylinder" ehamber and having l,

vother ducts leadingto'fa valve adaptedto' a-lternately exhaust and place in communica-. tion'with a source of energyv thev last mene ltioned ducts, ot a housing having' afbore therein and having a series of .spaced annu#A lar. grooves communicatingA with thebore;v onev eachy of .the grooves communicating vwith y 4one each of the ducts, the alternate annular grooves communicating with the ducts ofa 'given series, and means Within theV bore adapted to establish .and to' vary the com# munication'between adj acentl ducts', `whereby 105 Aeither' .duct-of the 'first series may be placed 'in 1 communication with. either ductof lthe second-'ser1e's. 1'- 'j '2.' The combination' with "a reciprocat.

'ing engine having d uc'ts leading to theloppo- .1104 site ends of the cylinder-chamber' and having other'ducts leading to a valve adapted to a1` .ternately exhaust and Place' incommunication -withja source o ffenergy the: last-'men tioned ducts. 'of'.a housing having. 'a borev 1'15 therein and having a series of-jann'ular'v 'f.' grooves communicating in alternate sequencewith the ducts-of'v the `first vand second mentioned series, 'iL/Sleeve mounted Within .the

bore and having ports establishing communioation vbetween v.the annular grooves and the bore Within the sleeve, and a valve -member slidably mounted. .in thesleeve .adapted to establish communication between the V.ports communicating `with the' adjacent al1- 125 -nular .i 3. T e combination -With .a reciprocating rooves.

engine having ducts leading to the opposite.v en s of th'e cylinder chamber and having other ducts' leading. to a'. valve adaptedl to 4130 i grooves and the bore Within the sleeve, a

valve member slidably mounted in the sleeve adapted to establish communication between the ports communicating with the .adjacent annular grooves, and a lever adapted to actuate the valve member Whereby the ports communicating with the ducts of the first series may be placed in communication with ports communicating with the ducts of the second series.

4. The combination with a reciprocating engine` having ducts leading to `the opposite ends of the cylinderchamber and having other ducts leading to a valve adapted to alternately exhaust and place in communication with a source of energy the last mentioned ducts, of a housing having a bore therein and having a series of annular grooves communicating in alternate sequence with the ducts of the first and/'second mentioned series, a sleeve mounted Within the bore and having ports establishing communication between the annular` grooves and the bore Within the sleeve, and a valve member slidably mounted in the sleeve andv having an axial bore therethrough and a circumferential groove, the axial bore being adapted to establish communication between tlieiopposite ends of the bore in the sleeve and the circumferential groove being adapted to establish communication between adjacent ports in the sleeve.

5. The combination with a reciprocating engine having ducts leading to the o posite ends of the cylinder chamber and laving other ducts leading to a valve adapted to alternately exhaust and place in communication with a source of energy the last mentioned ducts, of a housing having a bore therein' and having a series of annular grooves communicating in alternate sequence with the ducts of the first and second mentioned series, a sleeve mounted within the bore and having ports establishing communication between the annular grooves! f and the bore Within the sleeve, a valve member slidably mounted in the sleeve and having an axial bore therethrough and a circumferential groove, theA axial bore being adapted to establish communication between and the circumferential groove. being adapted to establish communication between adjacent ports in the sleeve, and a lever adaptgust, 1921. y

WILLAM T. HANNA.

ce the opposite ends of the bore in the sleeve y 

